PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					South American Land Mammal Ages		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian											0.0117
				Chibanian	Lujanian											0.129
				Chibanian	Ensenadan											0.3 *
				Calabrian	Ensenadan											0.774
				Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †										1.7 *
				Gelasian	Sanandresian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean										Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan											2.9 *
				Zanclean	Chapadmalalan											3.6
					Montehermosan											3.7 *
					Huayquerian											4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
					Chasicoan											7.9 *
					Mayoan											9.9 *
					Laventan											10.9 *
				Serravallian	Laventan											11.63
				Serravallian	Colloncuran											13.7 *
				Langhian	Colloncuran											13.82
				Langhian	Friasian											15.4 *
				Burdigalian	Friasian											15.98
					Santacrucian											16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian											17.4 *
				Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian											20.44
				Aquitanian	Deseadan											20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
				Rupelian												27.82
				Rupelian	Tinguirirican											28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican											33.9
				Priabonian	Divisaderan											35.9 *
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Lutetian	Mustersan											41.9 *
				Ypresian	Mustersan											47.8
				Ypresian	Casamayoran											47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican											56
					Itaboraian											56.9 *
					Peligran											58.9 *
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
				Danian	Tiupampan											62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Senonian		Lancian/Edmontonian						66
				Campanian						Judithian/Aquilan						72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Gallic								100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian				Neocomian								125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean			Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
			Pragian				Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian				Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian		443.8
			Katian						Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian						Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian		453
					Zahorany †/Vinice							Letna †	456.2 *
					Liben †						458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
									Dobrotivian		458.5 *
									Oretanian		459.7 *
					Sarka †							461.7 *
			Dapingian		Klabava †							467.3
			Dapingian						Arenigian			468
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †				497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
																1400