PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126002 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Devonian of Eastern North America		Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of Britain				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian																		0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian																		0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan																		0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan																		0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †																	1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean																	Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan																		2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan																		3.6
			Montehermosan																		3.7 *
			Huayquerian																		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian																			7.246
			Chasicoan																		7.9 *
			Mayoan																		9.9 *
			Laventan																		10.9 *
		Serravallian	Laventan																		11.63
		Serravallian	Colloncuran																		13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran																		13.82
		Langhian	Friasian																		15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian																		15.98
			Santacrucian																		16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian																		17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian																		20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan																		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
		Rupelian																			27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican																		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican																		33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan																		35.9 *
		Bartonian																			37.71
		Lutetian																			41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan																		41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan																		47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran																		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican																		56
			Itaboraian																		56.9 *
			Peligran																		58.9 *
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan																		62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
		Campanian																			72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																			100.5
		Aptian																			113
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																			145
		Kimmeridgian																			149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian																			165.3
		Bajocian																			168.2
		Aalenian																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																			174.7
		Pliensbachian																			184.2
		Sinemurian																			192.9
		Hettangian																			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Pirgu		Rawtheyan	445.2
			Cautleyan								448.9 *
			Pusgillian								449.3 *
			Vormsi						Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
			Nabala									Johvi †	450 *
			Viru					Rakvere					450.6 *
								Rakvere		Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Oandu		Cheneyan			452 *
								Oandu		Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian						Keila				Idavere †	453
								Keila			Actonian †		453.2 *
								Haljala			Actonian †		453.9
											Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †			455.2 *
								Kukruse						456.4 *
										Aurelucian				456.8 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
								Uhaku			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
								Lasnamagi						458.9 *
								Aseri						460.4 *
								Aseri		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
			Oeland					Kunda						462.9 *
								Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
								Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian													467.3
									Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
								Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
												Latorp †			470.1 *
										Whitlandian					471.1 *
								Hunneberg		Whitlandian					473.7 *
										Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Ungurian					Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
										Cressagian					480.8 *
								Varangu							481.3 *
								Pakerort							482.2 *
															Mansian †	483.55 *
															Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Batyrbaian	485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
												Aksaian					Aksaian	490.7 *
												Sakian					Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian																494
		Paibian														Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Ayusokkanian					Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian										Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian															Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian															Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan										Amgan/Solvan					Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan															505.3		Stage 5 †
	Series 2	Stage 4																	509
					Toyonian	Lenian †						Toyonian			510 *
					Botomian							Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian							Botomian			514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian							Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian							Tommotian			521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †						529
																					538.8