PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126163 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of China			Cambrian of North America		Precambrian of Russia			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian														0.0117
				Chibanian	Lujanian														0.129
				Chibanian	Ensenadan														0.3 *
				Calabrian	Ensenadan														0.774
				Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †													1.7 *
				Gelasian	Sanandresian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean										Tertiary †				2.58
				Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan														2.9 *
				Zanclean	Chapadmalalan														3.6
					Montehermosan														3.7 *
					Huayquerian														4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
					Chasicoan														7.9 *
					Mayoan														9.9 *
					Laventan														10.9 *
				Serravallian	Laventan														11.63
				Serravallian	Colloncuran														13.7 *
				Langhian	Colloncuran														13.82
				Langhian	Friasian														15.4 *
				Burdigalian	Friasian														15.98
					Santacrucian														16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian														17.4 *
				Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian														20.44
				Aquitanian	Deseadan														20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
				Rupelian															27.82
				Rupelian	Tinguirirican														28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican														33.9
				Priabonian	Divisaderan														35.9 *
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Lutetian	Mustersan														41.9 *
				Ypresian	Mustersan														47.8
				Ypresian	Casamayoran														47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican														56
					Itaboraian														56.9 *
					Peligran														58.9 *
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
				Danian	Tiupampan														62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian				Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian				Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian				Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli							Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan				Clinton	440.1 *
										440.7 *
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian					Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
			Katian		Chientangkiangian						Wufeng †		445.2
			Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								449.5
			Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian					Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
			Darriwilian		Darriwilian					Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian								470
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian								477.7
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian						Lianghekou †		477.9 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian											Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian										Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan	Topazan									Stage 5 †			504.5
			Wuliuan	Delamaran									Stage 5 †			506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran									Waucoban †			509
			Stage 4	Dyeran												511 *
			Stage 3	Dyeran												514
				Montezuman												514.8 *
				Begadean												519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian															Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau	1000
		Stenian															Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian															Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian															Burzyan	1375
																			1400