PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of China		Carboniferous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of North America		Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian													0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian													0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan													0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan													0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †												1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean												Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan													2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan													3.6
			Montehermosan													3.7 *
			Huayquerian													4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian								Pannonian						7.246
			Chasicoan													7.9 *
			Mayoan													9.9 *
			Laventan													10.9 *
		Serravallian								Sarmatian						11.63
										Badenian						12.8 *
			Colloncuran							Badenian						13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran													13.82
		Langhian	Friasian													15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian													15.98
			Santacrucian													16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian													17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian													20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan													20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican													28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican													33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan													35.9 *
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan													41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan													47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran													47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican													56
			Itaboraian													56.9 *
			Peligran													58.9 *
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan													62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
					Filipovian		276.5 *
					Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
					Irginian		285.9 *
					Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian				303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian				307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian				323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian				330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth					Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
								Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				Sunwaptan	487.5
								Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian				489.5
												Steptoean	493 *
								Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian							Paibian				494
		Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							Drumian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian				Topazan	Stage 5 †			504.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian				Delamaran	Stage 5 †			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai			Duyunian				Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4				Duyunian				Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3				Nangaoian				Dyeran				514
										Montezuman				514.8 *
										Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian								521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian								529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian								530.7
																538.8