PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian												0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian												0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan												0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan												0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †											1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean									Tertiary †			2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan												2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan												3.6
			Montehermosan												3.7 *
			Huayquerian												4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian												Pannonian	7.246
			Chasicoan												7.9 *
			Mayoan												9.9 *
			Laventan												10.9 *
		Serravallian												Sarmatian	11.63
														Badenian	12.8 *
			Colloncuran											Badenian	13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran												13.82
		Langhian	Friasian												15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian												15.98
			Santacrucian												16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian												17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian												20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan												20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican												28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican												33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan												35.9 *
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan												41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan												47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran												47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican												56
			Itaboraian												56.9 *
			Peligran												58.9 *
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan												62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan									145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan									150
						Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian		Warepan		208.5
				Otamitan		217
				Oretian		221
		Carnian		Oretian		227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian			Flettian		264.28
		Wordian			Barettian		266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †							504.5
															509