PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian Subages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian													0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian													0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan													0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan													0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †												1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean												Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan													2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan													3.6
			Montehermosan													3.7 *
			Huayquerian													4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
			Chasicoan													7.9 *
			Mayoan													9.9 *
			Laventan													10.9 *
		Serravallian	Laventan													11.63
		Serravallian	Colloncuran													13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran													13.82
		Langhian	Friasian													15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian													15.98
			Santacrucian													16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian													17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian													20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan													20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican													28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican													33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan													35.9 *
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan													41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan													47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran													47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican													56
			Itaboraian													56.9 *
			Peligran													58.9 *
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan													62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan										145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan										150
						Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian				Warepan	208.5
				Otamitan		217
				Oretian		221
		Carnian		Oretian		227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian			Flettian		264.28
		Wordian			Barettian		266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
			Middle Famennian						365.3 *
			Early Famennian						368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
			Middle Frasnian						375.4 *
			Early Frasnian						379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
			Middle Givetian							383.7 *
			Early Givetian							385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian				Southwoodian			387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian				Southwoodian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian							410.8
			Middle Lochkovian							412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian							415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Kosovian	443.8
		Katian								Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian								Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian										453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian								Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †									504.5
																509