PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian										0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian										0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan										0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan										0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †									1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean								Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan										2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan										3.6
			Montehermosan										3.7 *
			Huayquerian										4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian			Pannonian								7.246
			Chasicoan										7.9 *
			Mayoan										9.9 *
			Laventan										10.9 *
		Serravallian			Sarmatian								11.63
					Badenian								12.8 *
			Colloncuran		Badenian								13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran										13.82
		Langhian	Friasian										15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian										15.98
			Santacrucian										16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian										17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian										20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan										20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican										28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican										33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan										35.9 *
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan										41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan										47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran										47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican										56
			Itaboraian										56.9 *
			Peligran										58.9 *
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan										62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	438.5			Adavere
		Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju			Porkuni		443.8
		Katian				Pirgu		445.2
						Vormsi		449.6 *
						Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
			Viru			Rakvere			450.6 *
						Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian				Keila		Idavere †	453
						Haljala			453.9
						Kukruse			456.4 *
						Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku			458.4
						Lasnamagi			458.9 *
						Aseri			460.4 *
			Oeland			Kunda			462.9 *
						Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian				Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Hunneberg				477.7
						Varangu				481.3 *
						Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort				Datsonian	485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
										Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian		Iverian						489.5
		Paibian		Idamean						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan						Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian		Boomerangian							499
		Drumian		Undillan							500.5
		Drumian		Floran							503
		Wuliuan		Templetonian							Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan		Ordian							Stage 5 †	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian								509
													510.8 *