PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of China			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
		Bartonian							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian								Bumbanian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Gashatan				56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian									Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan	150
												Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian										Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian									Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian										Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian										Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian										Warepan	208.5
												Otamitan	217
												Oretian	221
		Carnian										Oretian	227
		Carnian									Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian										Etalian	238
		Anisian										Etalian	242
		Anisian										Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian										Nelsonian	249
		Induan										Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan									DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian										Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †								Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †								Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			264.28							Flettian
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian				Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian						Bolindian	445.2
			Chientangkiangian						Eastonian	449 *
			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						Eastonian	449.5
									Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian							Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo		Darriwilian	458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	Darriwilian	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian						Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian	Dapingian						Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian						Chewtonian	470
									Bendigonian	471.8 *
									Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian							477.7
								Lianghekou †		477.9 *
								Lianghekou †	Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †							504.5
													509