PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of Western Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4						Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2							Bumbanian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Gashatan				56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8										66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4										100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2										125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1										132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan							150
						Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4										165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4										168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1										192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian				Warepan							208.5
						Otamitan							217
						Oretian							221
		Carnian	Triassic 3			Oretian							227
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian				Etalian							238
		Anisian				Etalian							242
		Anisian				Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			Malakovian							247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian							249
		Induan		251.2		Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian				Flettian		264.28
		Wordian				Barettian		266
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian		Autunian		Mangapirian		283.5
						Telfordian		285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian			300 *
		Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian			303.7
		Kasimovian						Dalaun			305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5							445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				Stage 5 †					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3				Branchian					509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2				Branchian					514
		Stage 3					Placentian					517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
													538.8