PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Britain				North American Land Mammal Ages	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							Saintaugustinean					0
		Meghalayan								Santarosean					0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean					0.014
		Chibanian								Rancholabrean					0.129
		Chibanian								Irvingtonian					0.21
		Calabrian								Irvingtonian					0.774
		Calabrian								Blancan					1.4
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean													3.6
		Zanclean								Hemphillian					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian								Clarendonian					9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Clarendonian					11.63
		Serravallian								Barstovian					12.5
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
										Hemingfordian					16.3
										Arikareean					18.5
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
										Whitneyan					29.5
										Orellan					31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							Chadronian					33.9
		Priabonian								Duchesnean					37
		Bartonian								Duchesnean					37.71
		Bartonian								Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							Uintan					41.2
		Lutetian								Bridgerian					46.2
		Ypresian								Bridgerian					47.8
										Wasatchian					50.5
										Clarkforkian					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1							Clarkforkian					56
		Thanetian								Tiffanian					56.2
		Selandian								Tiffanian					59.2
		Selandian								Torrejonian					60.9
		Danian								Torrejonian					61.6
		Danian								Puercan					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8												66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6												145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5												149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4												165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4												168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3												174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2												184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian				305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Late Famennian	358.9
							Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4			West Fallsian/Sonyean	Late Frasnian	372.2
							Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
							Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Southwoodian		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Southwoodian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian							Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Fennian			470
										Whitlandian			471.1 *
										Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
									Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5										485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Series 3 †									497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3										Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3											509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
															538.8