PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Britain		North American Land Mammal Ages	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6			Saintaugustinean					0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean					0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean					0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean					0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian					0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian					0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan					1.4
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean									3.6
		Zanclean				Hemphillian					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian				Clarendonian					9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Clarendonian					11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian					12.5
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
						Hemingfordian					16.3
						Arikareean					18.5
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								23.03
		Rupelian									27.82
						Whitneyan					29.5
						Orellan					31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3			Chadronian					33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean					37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean					37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			Uintan					41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian					46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian					47.8
						Wasatchian					50.5
						Clarkforkian					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Clarkforkian					56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian					56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian					59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian					60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian					61.6
		Danian				Puercan					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Mapingian †		298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Late Famennian	358.9
							Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4				Late Frasnian	372.2
							Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
							Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Late Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian					Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10						Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				St Davids		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Stage 5 †						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Caerfai						509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
											538.8