PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of Siberia			Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of North America		Ordovician of the Baltic			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian	Epizigzagiceras														168.2
		Bajocian	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense														168.4
		Aalenian	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta														174.7
			Planulata														179.3 *
			Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi												179.8 *
			Kanense														181.3 *
			Carlottense														182.3 *
			Kunae														183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Kunae														184.2
			Freboldi														185.1 *
			Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras													186.2 *
				Tetraspidoceras													189.2 *
			Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis													190.3 *
		Sinemurian															192.9
			Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras												196.4 *
			Franziceras/Euphyllites														196.5 *
		Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian								Wordian							264.28
		Roadian								Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian					Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian					Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	445.2
										Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian		Volkhov								467.3
		Dapingian	Billingen	469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
				Latorp †						470.1 *
			Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Hunneberg							477.7
			Varangu							481.3 *
			Pakerort							482.2 *
										Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian						Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
				Aksaian									490.7 *
				Sakian									492.2 *
		Paibian											494
		Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian									Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian										499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan		Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan									509
				Toyonian						Lenian †			510 *
				Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian									514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian									515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian									521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian						Manykaian †			529
																	538.8