PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Mesozoic Subages		Permian of North America		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Calabrian									0.774
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Yushean			Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean					Yushean				3.6
				Zanclean					Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Tortonian					Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian					Tunggurian				11.63
				Langhian					Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian					Shanwangian				15.98
				Burdigalian					Xiejiaan				16.9
				Aquitanian					Xiejiaan				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								72.1
				Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian								100.5
					Middle Albian								106.2 *
					Early Albian								109.9 *
				Aptian	Late Aptian								113
				Aptian	Early Aptian								119.5 *
				Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian	Late Berriasian								139.8
					Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
					Early Berriasian								142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							145
				Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian								152.2 *
				Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							154.8
				Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian	Late Bajocian								168.2
				Bajocian	Early Bajocian								168.6 *
				Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian								174.7
					Middle Toarcian								180.4 *
					Early Toarcian								182.9 *
				Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian	Sevatian								208.5
					Alaunian								213.2 *
					Lacian								216.7 *
				Carnian	Tuvalian								227
				Carnian	Julian								233.4 *
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	Longobardian	237
			Ladinian	Fassanian	239.7 *
			Anisian	Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Spathian	247.2
			Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
			Induan	Dienerian	251.2
			Induan	Griesbachian	251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian		Wordian			264.28
			Roadian		Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian			Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian					Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian					Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian		Wolfcampian			Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian					Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian					Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian						Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
									Huashibanian	318.5 *
									Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian						Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean						Shangsian	330.9
			Visean						Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian						Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †				497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400