PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126163 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cretaceous Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America	Silurian of England		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Serravallian																11.63
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian						Senonian									66
				Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian															72.1
				Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian						Gallic									100.5
					Middle Albian															106.2 *
					Early Albian															109.9 *
				Aptian	Late Aptian															113
				Aptian	Early Aptian															119.5 *
				Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						Neocomian									125.77
				Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian	Late Berriasian															139.8
					Middle Berriasian															140.6 *
					Early Berriasian															142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian														145
				Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian														146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian															152.2 *
				Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian														154.8
				Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian														157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian	Late Bajocian											Epizigzagiceras				168.2
					Late Bajocian											Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				168.4
					Early Bajocian											Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				168.6 *
				Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian											Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian											Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta				174.7
																Planulata				179.3 *
																		Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
					Middle Toarcian															180.4 *
																Kanense				181.3 *
																Carlottense				182.3 *
					Early Toarcian											Carlottense				182.9 *
					Early Toarcian											Kunae				183.5 *
				Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian											Kunae				184.2
																Freboldi				185.1 *
																Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras			186.2 *
																	Tetraspidoceras			189.2 *
																Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis			190.3 *
				Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian															192.9
																Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras		196.4 *
																Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
				Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian											Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
Norian				Sevatian	208.5
				Alaunian	213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
Carnian				Tuvalian	227
Carnian				Julian	233.4 *
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	Longobardian	237
			Ladinian	Fassanian	239.7 *
			Anisian	Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Spathian	247.2
			Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
			Induan	Dienerian	251.2
			Induan	Griesbachian	251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
			Gzhelian				Virgilian	Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian				Missourian	Xiaodushanian	303.7
							Missourian	Dalaun	305.8 *
							Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian				Desmoinesian		307
			Moscovian				Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian				Atokan		315.2
							Morrowan		318.4 *
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian					Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean					Shangsian	330.9
								Jiusian	335 *
							Meramecian		335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Osagean	Tangbagouan	346.7
			Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	Tangbagouan	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian							425.6
			Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Telychian							436.3 *
			Aeronian							438.5
			Aeronian					Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian					Cowleigh Park		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian			443.8
			Katian					Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian					Berounian				449.7 *
			Sandbian									453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
								Dobrotivian						458.5 *
								Oretanian						459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian					Arenigian						468
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian						477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
			Jiangshanian											489.5
Paibian			494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	504.5
Series 2		Stage 4			509
Series 2		Stage 3			514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2			521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian													Burzyan	1375
																				1400