PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of Britain		Devonian of France	Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian													72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian													100.5
			Middle Albian													106.2 *
			Early Albian													109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian													113
		Aptian	Early Aptian													119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian													139.8
			Middle Berriasian													140.6 *
			Early Berriasian													142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian												145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian												146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian													152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian													168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian													168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian													174.7
			Middle Toarcian													180.4 *
			Early Toarcian													182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian	Sevatian													208.5
			Alaunian													213.2 *
			Lacian													216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian													227
		Carnian	Julian													233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian													237
		Ladinian	Fassanian													239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian													242
			Pelsonian													243.8 *
			Bithynian													244.7 *
			Aegean													245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian													247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian		251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian	303.7
								Dalaun	305.8 *
									305.9
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean				Middle Mississippian		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean				Middle Mississippian		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Pragian						Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Tremadocian		477.7
		Tremadocian		Mansian †						483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth						Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10								Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian												489.5
											Aksaian			490.7 *
											Sakian			492.2 *
										Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian												494
		Paibian											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		St Davids							Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian									Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan						Stage 5 †				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai	Amgan/Solvan										509
					Toyonian							Lenian †			510 *
					Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian										514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian										515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian		521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †							529
																538.8