PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126002 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Mesozoic Subages		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Chibanian									Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian									Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian									Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian									Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian									Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian		Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian									Waipipian			3
				Zanclean									Waipipian			3.6
				Zanclean									Opoitian			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian									Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian									Tongaporutuan			7.246
				Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan			11.04
				Serravallian									Waiauan			11.63
				Serravallian									Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian									Lillburnian			13.82
													Clifdenian			15.1
												Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian									Altonian			15.98
				Burdigalian									Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian									Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian			23.03
													Duntroonian			25.2
													Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
												Arnold	Runangan			34.6
													Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian									Kaiatan			37.71
				Bartonian									Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian									Bortonian			41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
													Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian									Heretaungan			47.8
													Mangaorapan			48.9
													Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian			56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian											89.8
													Mangaotanean			90.5
													Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								Arowhanan			93.9
												Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
													Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian								Motuan			100.5
					Late Albian								Urutawan			103.3
					Middle Albian								Urutawan			106.2 *
					Middle Albian							Taitai	Korangan			108.4
					Early Albian											109.9 *
				Aptian	Late Aptian											113
					Late Aptian											117.5
					Early Aptian											119.5 *
Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
Berriasian				Late Berriasian	139.8
				Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
				Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan		145
			Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
			Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
				Late Kimmeridgian		Kawhia	Ohauan		150
				Early Kimmeridgian			Ohauan		152.2 *
				Early Kimmeridgian			Heterian		154.5
			Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
			Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
			Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			Temaikan		164.3
			Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
			Bajocian	Late Bajocian					168.2
			Bajocian	Early Bajocian					168.6 *
			Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian					174.7
				Late Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan		176
				Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
				Early Toarcian					182.9 *
			Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
			Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Aratauran		188.9
			Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
			Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
			Norian	Sevatian			Warepan		208.5
				Alaunian					213.2 *
				Lacian					216.7 *
							Otamitan		217
							Oretian		221
			Carnian	Tuvalian			Oretian		227
				Tuvalian		Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
				Julian					233.4 *
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian					237
				Longobardian			Etalian		238
				Fassanian					239.7 *
			Anisian	Illyrian					242
				Pelsonian					243.8 *
				Bithynian					244.7 *
				Aegean					245.5 *
				Aegean			Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian	247.2
			Smithian	248.9 *
			Smithian	Nelsonian			249
		Induan	Dienerian				251.2
			Griesbachian				251.4 *
			Griesbachian	DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan			251.902
			Changhsingian			Waiitian			253.2
			Wuchiapingian			Waiitian			Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan			Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian				259.51
			Wordian			Flettian				264.28
			Wordian			Barettian				266
			Roadian							266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
			Kungurian			Mangapirian				276
			Artinskian			Mangapirian				283.5
						Telfordian				285
										288.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian							293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju			Porkuni		443.8
			Katian					Pirgu		445.2
								Vormsi		449.6 *
								Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
					Viru			Rakvere			450.6 *
								Oandu			452 *
			Sandbian					Keila		Idavere †	453
								Haljala			453.9
								Kukruse			456.4 *
								Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku			458.4
								Lasnamagi			458.9 *
								Aseri			460.4 *
					Oeland			Kunda			462.9 *
								Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian					Volkhov				467.3
			Dapingian					Billingen				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
								Hunneberg				473.7 *
			Tremadocian					Hunneberg				477.7
								Varangu				481.3 *
								Pakerort				482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort		Datsonian			485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
Payntonian							486.8 *
Jiangshanian			Iverian				489.5
Paibian			Idamean				494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Mindyallan				Series 3 †			497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian						499
		Drumian	Undillan						500.5
		Drumian	Floran						503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian						Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian						Stage 5 †	507.8 *
Series 2		Stage 4	Ordian							509
		Stage 4								510.8 *
		Stage 3								514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2		521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †			Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †			Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635