PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Mesozoic Subages		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
				Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian				Bumbanian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Gashatan								56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian										72.1
				Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian										100.5
					Middle Albian										106.2 *
					Early Albian										109.9 *
				Aptian	Late Aptian										113
				Aptian	Early Aptian										119.5 *
				Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian	Late Berriasian										139.8
					Middle Berriasian										140.6 *
					Early Berriasian										142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									145
				Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian										152.2 *
				Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									154.8
				Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian	Late Bajocian										168.2
				Bajocian	Early Bajocian										168.6 *
				Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian										174.7
					Middle Toarcian										180.4 *
					Early Toarcian										182.9 *
				Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian	Sevatian										208.5
					Alaunian										213.2 *
					Lacian										216.7 *
				Carnian	Tuvalian										227
				Carnian	Julian										233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian										237
				Ladinian	Fassanian										239.7 *
				Anisian	Illyrian										242
					Pelsonian										243.8 *
					Bithynian										244.7 *
					Aegean										245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian										247.2
Smithian				Olenekian	248.9 *
Induan				Dienerian	251.2
Induan				Griesbachian	251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
			Wordian						264.28
			Roadian						266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
			Artinskian						283.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian						293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Mapingian †	298.9
			Kasimovian						Mapingian †	303.7
			Kasimovian						305.9
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian		358.9
							Middle Famennian		365.3 *
							Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian				Late Frasnian		372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian		382.7
							Middle Givetian		383.7 *
							Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian				Late Eifelian		387.7
			Eifelian				Early Eifelian		390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian		393.3
			Emsian				Early Emsian		398.3 *
			Pragian				Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian		410.8
							Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10						Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian						Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian	493.1 *
			Paibian						Maentwrogian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids				Series 3 †	497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan		Stage 5 †						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai						509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
															635