PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of North America						Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of Britain				Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Vokhmian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								Vokhmian								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian															251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian							Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian							Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian								259.51
		Wordian	Midian							Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian								264.28
		Wordian	Murgabian							Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian								266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian							Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian															273.01
		Kungurian	Bolorian															279.8
		Artinskian	Bolorian															283.5
		Artinskian	Yakhtashian															286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian															290.1
		Asselian	Asselian															293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
		Gzhelian													Xiaodushanian			300 *
		Kasimovian													Xiaodushanian			303.7
		Kasimovian													Dalaun			305.8 *
		Moscovian																307
		Bashkirian		315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian					Gamachian		Rawtheyan		445.2
							Richmondian		Rawtheyan		446 *
									Cautleyan		448.9 *
									Pusgillian		449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
							Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian						450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian						451.1 *
									Cheneyan				451.5 *
									Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
											Actonian †		453.2 *
							Turinian				Actonian †		453.7 *
											Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †			455.2 *
									Aurelucian					456.8 *
						Whiterockian						Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	461.3 *
		Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	467.3
								Arenig	Fennian	468.4 *
							Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †				Cassinian †	470
							Blackhillsian		Whitlandian						471.1 *
			Tulean				473.9 *		Whitlandian
							Moridunian		474.3 *
		Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
			Stairsian					Migneintian	480.3 *
			Stairsian					Cressagian	480.8 *
			Skullrockian					Cressagian	Demingian †					482 *
									Demingian †					485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †											504.5
																		509