PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Serravallian										11.63
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
				Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian					Bumbanian					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan						56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
				Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian								Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Tatarian	Vyatkian						Longtanian †	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Severodvinian							259.51
				Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Urzhumian							264.28
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Povolzhian							266.9
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Sokian							270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian							273.01
							Filipovian							276.5 *
							Saraninian							280.1 *
				Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian							283.5
							Irginian							285.9 *
							Burtsevian							287.8 *
				Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian							290.1
				Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian							291.7 *
				Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian							293.52
							Uskalykian							294.8
Surenian							297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian			300 *
			Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian			303.7
			Kasimovian				Dalaun			305.8 *
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
							Huashibanian			318.5 *
							Lousuan			321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian			323.2
			Serpukhovian				Shangsian			330.8 *
			Visean				Shangsian			330.9
			Visean				Jiusian			335 *
			Tournaisian				Tangbagouan			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
														1400