PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of China		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian							66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic							100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian					Neocomian							125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein								Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Rotliegendes										259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian											264.28
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian										283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Mapingian †						298.9
		Kasimovian						Mapingian †						303.7
		Kasimovian												305.9
		Moscovian												307
		Bashkirian												315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian												323.2
		Visean												330.9
		Tournaisian												346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Niuchehean			Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10				Niuchehean				Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian				Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian				Paibian					494
		Paibian				Paibian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian	Albertian †			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †		497
		Drumian			Marjumian		Drumian		500.5	Wangcunian †
		Wuliuan			Topazan		Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †		504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran		Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran	Waucoban †	Duyunian					509
		Stage 4			Dyeran		Duyunian					511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran		Nangaoian					514
					Montezuman							514.8 *
					Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian					Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian					530.7
														538.8