PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of North America		Ordovician of the Baltic			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian												Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian						Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						Wordian							264.28
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian						Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Leonardian	Cathedralian						273.01
		Kungurian								Hessian						281.9 *
		Artinskian								Hessian						283.5
		Artinskian							Wolfcampian	Lenoxian						286.1 *
		Sakmarian								Lenoxian						290.1
		Asselian								Nealian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
		Kasimovian														303.7
		Moscovian														307
		Bashkirian														315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian														323.2
		Visean														330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian			Pirgu	445.2
					Vormsi	449.6 *
					Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
				Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
					Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian			Keila	Idavere †	453
					Haljala		453.9
					Kukruse		456.4 *
					Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku		458.4
					Lasnamagi		458.9 *
					Aseri		460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
						Latorp †		470.1 *
					Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg			477.7
					Varangu			481.3 *
					Pakerort			482.2 *
								Mansian †			483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian								489.5
											Aksaian			490.7 *
											Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian				Paibian								494
													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
								Waergangian †/Youshuanian					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian		Wangcunian †			Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian				Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian	Drumian			500.5					Mayan/Menevian
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian					Amgan/Solvan			Stage 5 †				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian					Amgan/Solvan							509
								Toyonian				Lenian †			510 *
								Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian					Botomian							514
		Stage 3	Nangaoian					Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian					Tommotian		521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
		Fortunian							Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian						Manykaian †	530.7
																538.8