PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian		Tertiary †			2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian					3
		Zanclean						Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean						Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian						Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian					13.82
								Clifdenian					15.1
							Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian						Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian						Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian					23.03
								Duntroonian					25.2
								Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
							Arnold	Runangan					34.6
								Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian						Bortonian					41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
								Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan					47.8
								Mangaorapan					48.9
								Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian					56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian						Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
								Mangaotanean					90.5
								Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan					93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
								Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan					100.5
								Urutawan					103.3
							Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian						Korangan					113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein	Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein		Zechstein	Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Ohre/Aller		Rotliegendes			259.51
		Wordian		Leine					264.28
		Wordian		Leine	Noginskian				264.9 *
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian				276.8 *
		Artinskian			Pavlovoposadian	Autunian			283.5
		Artinskian			Rusavkinian				287.6 *
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †					298.9
		Gzhelian									Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian							303.7
					Khamovnikian							304.8
					Krevyakinian						Dalaun	305.8 *
					Krevyakinian							305.9
		Moscovian			Myachkovian							307
					Podolskian							308.9 *
					Kashirian							311.4 *
					Vereian							313.8
					Melekessian							314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian							315.2
					Cheremshanian							316.9 *
					Cheremshanian						Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Prikamian					318.6 *
					Severokeltmian					319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian					Lousuan	321.2 *
					Voznesenian					Lousuan	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian					Dewunian	323.2
					Protvian						324.4 *
					Steshevian						326.8 *
					Tarusian						329 *
					Tarusian					Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Venevian						330.9
					Mikhailovian						331.9 *
					Aleksinian						333.7 *
					Aleksinian					Jiusian	335 *
					Tulian						335.8 *
					Bobrikian						339.9 *
					Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian			Tangbagouan		346.7
					Kizelian					350.7 *
					Cherepetian					351.9 *
					Karakubian					354.4 *
			Upinian		356.3 *
			Malevkian		357.6 *
			Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †			497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
													509