PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of Siberia			Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of North America		Ordovician of the Baltic			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras														168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense														168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta														174.7
				Planulata														179.3 *
				Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi												179.8 *
				Kanense														181.3 *
				Carlottense														182.3 *
				Kunae														183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae														184.2
				Freboldi														185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras													186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras													189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis													190.3 *
		Sinemurian																192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras												196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites														196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein														Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes								Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian									Wordian							264.28
		Roadian									Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian	Autunian					Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian						Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani	433.4
		Telychian							Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian							Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian							Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian									Pirgu	445.2
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Kukruse		456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Uhaku		458.4
											Lasnamagi		458.9 *
											Aseri		460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov								467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen	469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
					Latorp †						470.1 *
				Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg							477.7
				Varangu							481.3 *
				Pakerort							482.2 *
											Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian						Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
					Aksaian									490.7 *
					Sakian									492.2 *
		Paibian												494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian									Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian										499.5
		Drumian	500.5		Mayan/Menevian
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan		Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan					509
			Toyonian					Lenian †			510 *
			Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian								514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian								521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian					Manykaian †			529
																		538.8