PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian							Bumbanian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Gashatan					56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan								150
					Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian			Warepan								208.5
					Otamitan								217
					Oretian								221
		Carnian			Oretian								227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian			Etalian								238
		Anisian			Etalian								242
		Anisian			Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian								249
		Induan			Nelsonian								251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan								251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan								251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian								253.2
		Wuchiapingian	Zechstein		Waiitian							Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Zechstein		Puruhauan							Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes	Aparima	Flettian								259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian	Autunian		Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian				Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean				Shangsian	330.9
		Visean				Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Branchian			509
		Stage 3						Branchian			514
		Stage 3						Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
													538.8