PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of China		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Lujanian									0.0117
		Chibanian		Lujanian									0.129
		Chibanian		Ensenadan									0.3 *
		Calabrian		Ensenadan									0.774
		Calabrian		Sanandresian	Uquian †								1.7 *
		Gelasian		Sanandresian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Vorohuean								Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian		Chapadmalalan									2.9 *
		Zanclean		Chapadmalalan									3.6
				Montehermosan									3.7 *
				Huayquerian									4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
				Chasicoan									7.9 *
				Mayoan									9.9 *
				Laventan									10.9 *
		Serravallian		Laventan									11.63
		Serravallian		Colloncuran									13.7 *
		Langhian		Colloncuran									13.82
		Langhian		Friasian									15.4 *
		Burdigalian		Friasian									15.98
				Santacrucian									16.2 *
				Colhuehuapian									17.4 *
		Aquitanian		Colhuehuapian									20.44
		Aquitanian		Deseadan									20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
		Rupelian		Tinguirirican									28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian		Tinguirirican									33.9
		Priabonian		Divisaderan									35.9 *
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Lutetian		Mustersan									41.9 *
		Ypresian		Mustersan									47.8
		Ypresian		Casamayoran									47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Riochican									56
				Itaboraian									56.9 *
				Peligran									58.9 *
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
		Danian		Tiupampan									62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian					66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic					100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian						Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes			259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian	Autunian			283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10					Niuchehean			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Paibian				494
		Paibian					Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian			Albertian †		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		Marjumian				Drumian	500.5	Wangcunian †
		Wuliuan		Topazan	Wuliuan/Taijangian				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran	Wuliuan/Taijangian				Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran	Waucoban †		Duyunian				509
		Stage 4		Dyeran			Duyunian				511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran			Nangaoian				514
				Montezuman							514.8 *
				Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian				521
		Fortunian					Meishucunian				529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian				530.7
													538.8