PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Salt Range	Precambrian of Russia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Serravallian										11.63
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
				Bartonian					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian						Bumbanian				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Gashatan					56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan						145
				Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan						150
								Heterian						154.5
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Callovian				Temaikan						164.3
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan						176
				Pliensbachian				Ururoan						184.2
				Pliensbachian				Aratauran						188.9
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
				Norian				Warepan						208.5
								Otamitan						217
								Oretian						221
				Carnian				Oretian						227
				Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan						237
				Ladinian				Etalian						238
				Anisian				Etalian						242
				Anisian				Malakovian						246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian						247.2
				Olenekian				Nelsonian						249
				Induan				Nelsonian						251.2
				Induan	Kathwai		DUrville	Makarewan						251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai									251.902
														252.4 *
					Chhidru									252.9 *
								Waiitian						253.2
				Wuchiapingian				Waiitian					Longtanian †	254.14
Puruhauan						254.2
					Kalabagh	255 *
					Wargal	256 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian		259.51
			Wordian					264.28
								265.3 *
						Barettian		266
					Amb			266.1 *
			Roadian		Amb			266.9
			Roadian					270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian					273.01
			Kungurian			Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian			Mangapirian		283.5
						Telfordian		285
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian					Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean					Shangsian	330.9
			Visean					Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
	Stage 3	Series 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
														1400