PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Devonian of France	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of the Salt Range	North American Land Mammal Ages	Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean				0.129
		Chibanian					Irvingtonian				0.21
		Calabrian					Irvingtonian				0.774
		Calabrian					Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean									3.6
		Zanclean					Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian					Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian					Clarendonian				11.63
		Serravallian					Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
							Hemingfordian				16.3
							Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
		Rupelian									27.82
							Whitneyan				29.5
							Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian				33.9
		Priabonian					Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian					Duchesnean				37.71
		Bartonian					Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian					Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian					Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian					Bridgerian				47.8
							Wasatchian				50.5
							Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Clarkforkian				56
		Thanetian					Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian					Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian					Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian					Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Induan	251.2
		Induan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai	Meishanian	251.902
					252.4 *
			Chhidru		252.9 *
				Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Kalabagh			255 *
			Wargal			256 *
				Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian		264.28
						265.3 *
			Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb			266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
						Xiaodushanian		300 *
								300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Kasimovian				Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
						Huashibanian		318.5 *
						Lousuan		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian		323.2
		Serpukhovian				Shangsian		330.8 *
		Visean				Shangsian		330.9
		Visean				Jiusian		335 *
		Tournaisian				Tangbagouan		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †					504.5
											509