PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of China		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan											150
					Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian			Warepan											208.5
					Otamitan											217
					Oretian											221
		Carnian			Oretian											227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian			Etalian											238
		Anisian			Etalian											242
		Anisian			Malakovian											246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian											247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian											249
		Induan			Nelsonian											251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan											251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian		Makarewan											251.902
			Meishanian		Waiitian											253.2
			Baoqingian													253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian											Longtanian †		254.14
			Laoshanian		Puruhauan											254.2
			Laibinian		Puruhauan	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Flettian		264.28
		Wordian			Barettian		266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
			Longlinian		Telfordian		285.4 *
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
							Xiaodushanian	300 *
								300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian					Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean					Shangsian	330.9
		Visean					Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian			470
									Whitlandian			471.1 *
									Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian						Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
								Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean						Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian				Paibian							494
		Paibian				Paibian						Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian						Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian				Drumian						Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian								Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian									509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Nangaoian									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian	521
		Fortunian		Meishucunian	529
		Fortunian		Jinnigian	530.7
																538.8