PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Devonian of Germany	Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6						0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5						11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3						33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3						37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2						41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1						56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8						66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7						72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6						83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4						100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3						113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3						174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2						184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1						192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian	Wordian									264.28
		Roadian	Roadian			Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian		Permian 2						273.01
		Kungurian		Hessian								281.9 *
		Artinskian		Hessian								283.5
		Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian								286.1 *
		Sakmarian		Lenoxian								290.1
		Asselian		Nealian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		Devonian 5	Late Famennian			358.9
								Middle Famennian			365.3 *
								Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian			Adorf		Devonian 4	Late Frasnian			372.2
								Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
								Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian		Devonian 3	Late Givetian			382.7
								Middle Givetian			383.7 *
								Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian			Eifelian			Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian			Eifelian			Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian		Devonian 2	Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian			Emsian		Devonian 2	Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian			Siegen		Devonian 1	Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine			Late Lochkovian			410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian					Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Cambrian 4		Series 3 †		497
		Drumian					Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan					Cambrian 3			Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1				529
												538.8