PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras							168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							174.7
					Planulata							179.3 *
					Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
					Kanense							181.3 *
					Carlottense							182.3 *
					Kunae							183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae							184.2
					Freboldi							185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras						189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis						190.3 *
		Sinemurian										192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras					196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
				Xiaodushanian				300 *
			Stephanian					Stephanian C			300.3 *
								Stephanian B			300.9 *
								Stephanian A			301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A			303.7
								Cantabrian			305 *
				Dalaun							305.8 *
		Moscovian									307
			Westphalian					Westphalian D			307.4 *
								Westphalian C			309.8
								Westphalian B			314.6
		Bashkirian						Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
				Huashibanian				Westphalian A	318.5 *
			Namurian					Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Lousuan				Marsdenian	321.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian				Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
				Shangsian				Pendleian	330.8 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Shangsian				Brigantian †	330.9
			Warnantian	Jiusian				Brigantian †	335 *
			Livian					Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian					Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian					Tangbagouan	346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian					Tangbagouan	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	504.5
												509