PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of Western Europe		Devonian of Germany	European Faunal Units	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Villanyian			Tertiary †		2.58
				Piacenzian				Ruscinian					3.1 *
				Zanclean				Ruscinian					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Turolian					5.333
				Tortonian				Turolian					7.246
				Tortonian				Vallesian					8.7
				Serravallian				Astaracian					11.63
				Langhian				Astaracian					13.82
				Burdigalian				Orleanian					15.98
				Burdigalian				Agenian					20
				Aquitanian				Agenian					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
				Wordian									264.28
				Roadian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
				Artinskian									283.5
				Sakmarian									290.1
				Asselian									293.52
				Asselian	Kuzel								297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
										Xiaodushanian			300 *
					Stephanian	Stephanian C							300.3 *
						Stephanian B							300.9 *
Stephanian A						301.4 *
Stephanian A				Kasimovian		303.7
Cantabrian						305 *
						Dalaun	305.8 *
				Moscovian			307
Westphalian					Westphalian D		307.4 *
					Westphalian C		309.8
					Westphalian B		314.6
				Bashkirian	Westphalian B		315.2
					Westphalian A		317 *
					Westphalian A	Huashibanian	318.5 *
Namurian					Yeadonian		318.8 *
					Marsdenian		320.2 *
					Marsdenian	Lousuan	321.2 *
					Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
					Alportian		322 *
					Chokierian		323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chokierian	Dewunian	323.2
					Arnsbergian		324 *
					Pendleian		327.4 *
					Pendleian	Shangsian	330.8 *
Visean				Warnantian	Brigantian †	Shangsian	330.9
				Warnantian	Brigantian †	Jiusian	335 *
				Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
Tournaisian				Ivorian		Tangbagouan	346.7
Tournaisian				Hastarian		Tangbagouan	353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian		393.3
			Pragian			Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
	Jiangshanian		489.5
	Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †					497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400