PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Silurian of England		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Bartonian								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian									Bumbanian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Gashatan					56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian							Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Midian								259.51
		Wordian					Midian								264.28
		Wordian					Murgabian								266.2 *
		Roadian					Murgabian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian								273.01
		Kungurian					Bolorian								279.8
		Artinskian					Bolorian								283.5
		Artinskian					Yakhtashian								286
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian					Asselian								293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel				Asselian								297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
												Xiaodushanian			300 *
			Stephanian	Stephanian C											300.3 *
				Stephanian B											300.9 *
				Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A	303.7
				Cantabrian	305 *
					Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
				Westphalian C		309.8
				Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B		315.2
				Westphalian A		317 *
				Westphalian A	Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
				Marsdenian		320.2 *
				Marsdenian	Lousuan	321.2 *
				Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
				Alportian		322 *
				Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	Dewunian	323.2
				Arnsbergian		324 *
				Pendleian		327.4 *
				Pendleian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Shangsian	330.9
			Warnantian	Brigantian †	Jiusian	335 *
			Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		Tangbagouan	346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		Tangbagouan	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian				Wych		Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Telychian							436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
		Aeronian				Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
		Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10								Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian								Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							St Davids		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai					509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
															538.8