PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	North American Land Mammal Ages	Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean				0
				Meghalayan					Santarosean				0.0004
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean				0.014
				Chibanian					Rancholabrean				0.129
				Chibanian					Irvingtonian				0.21
				Calabrian					Irvingtonian				0.774
				Calabrian					Blancan				1.4
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean									3.6
				Zanclean					Hemphillian				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Tortonian					Clarendonian				9.4
				Serravallian					Clarendonian				11.63
				Serravallian					Barstovian				12.5
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
									Hemingfordian				16.3
									Arikareean				18.5
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
				Rupelian									27.82
									Whitneyan				29.5
									Orellan				31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian				33.9
				Priabonian					Duchesnean				37
				Bartonian					Duchesnean				37.71
				Bartonian					Uintan				39.7
				Lutetian					Uintan				41.2
				Lutetian					Bridgerian				46.2
				Ypresian					Bridgerian				47.8
									Wasatchian				50.5
									Clarkforkian				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Clarkforkian				56
				Thanetian					Tiffanian				56.2
				Selandian					Tiffanian				59.2
				Selandian					Torrejonian				60.9
				Danian					Torrejonian				61.6
				Danian					Puercan				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan						145
				Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan						150
							Heterian						154.5
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Callovian			Temaikan						164.3
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
Aalenian				170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian	174.7
			Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan	176
			Pliensbachian		Ururoan	184.2
			Pliensbachian		Aratauran	188.9
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
			Norian		Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
			Carnian		Oretian	227
			Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian		Etalian	238
			Anisian		Etalian	242
			Anisian		Malakovian	246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
			Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	251.902
							252.4 *
						Chhidru	252.9 *
					Waiitian		253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Longtanian †	254.14
					Puruhauan			254.2
						Kalabagh		255 *
						Wargal		256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian			259.51
			Wordian					264.28
								265.3 *
					Barettian			266
						Amb		266.1 *
			Roadian			Amb		266.9
			Roadian					270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian			276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian			283.5
					Telfordian			285
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Mapingian †	298.9
			Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian	303.7
									Dalaun	305.8 *
										305.9
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
									Huashibanian	318.5 *
									Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian						Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean						Shangsian	330.9
			Visean						Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian						Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †				504.5
Series 2		Stage 4								509
Series 2		Stage 3								514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2								521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										1000
		Ectasian										1200
		Calymmian										1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian										1600
		Orosirian										1800
		Rhyacian										2050
		Siderian										2300
Archean	Neoarchean					2500
	Mesoarchean					2800
	Paleoarchean					3200
	Eoarchean					3600
Hadean						4000
													4600