PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Late Albian					100.5
							Middle Albian					106.2 *
							Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian					113
		Aptian					Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian					139.8
							Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
							Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras			Late Bajocian					168.2
				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			Late Bajocian					168.4
				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			Late Toarcian					174.7
				Planulata								179.3 *
						Arnioceras arnouldi						179.8 *
							Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
				Kanense								181.3 *
				Carlottense								182.3 *
				Carlottense			Early Toarcian					182.9 *
				Kunae			Early Toarcian					183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
				Freboldi								185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras							186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras							189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis							190.3 *
		Sinemurian					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras						196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian	Sevatian				208.5
			Alaunian				213.2 *
			Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian				227
		Carnian	Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian				237
		Ladinian	Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian				242
			Pelsonian				243.8 *
			Bithynian				244.7 *
			Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian				251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian							Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
									Huashibanian	318.5 *
									Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian							Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean							Shangsian	330.9
		Visean							Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian							Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	393.3
		Pragian						Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †				497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		504.5
												509