PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Central Paratethys Stages	Cretaceous Subepochs	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian			Pannonian										7.246
		Serravallian			Sarmatian										11.63
		Serravallian			Badenian										12.8 *
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A								33.9
		Bartonian					MP 16								37.71
		Lutetian					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11								41.2
		Ypresian					MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					MP 6	MP 1 - 5							56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Senonian									66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Gallic									100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian				Neocomian									125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian													283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
		Gzhelian										Xiaodushanian			300 *
		Kasimovian										Xiaodushanian			303.7
		Kasimovian										Dalaun			305.8 *
		Moscovian													307
		Bashkirian													315.2
												Huashibanian			318.5 *
			Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian	Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Tremadocian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian	489.5
					Aksaian	490.7 *
					Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian				494
		Paibian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	497
					Ayusokkanian				Arcadian	498.4
					Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian			Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan					Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Amgan/Solvan			Branchian			509
					Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
					Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian						514
					Atdabanian						515.6 *
					Atdabanian			Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian						521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
															538.8