PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Siberia			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian		Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian			3
		Zanclean								Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian								Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian			13.82
										Clifdenian			15.1
									Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian			23.03
										Duntroonian			25.2
										Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
									Arnold	Runangan			34.6
										Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian			41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
										Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan			47.8
										Mangaorapan			48.9
										Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian			56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian								Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
										Mangaotanean			90.5
										Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian								Arowhanan			93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
										Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Motuan			100.5
										Urutawan			103.3
									Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian								Korangan			113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian				Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean				Shangsian	330.9
		Visean				Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Tremadocian							477.7
		Tremadocian							Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5						Batyrbaian
			Aksaian						490.7 *
			Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian							494
		Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian								Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian									499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian									500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan		Stage 5 †							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan									509
			Toyonian						Lenian †			510 *
			Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian									514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian									515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian									521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian						Manykaian †			529
													538.8