PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of North America		Cambrian of Australia	Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6						0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5						11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Cenozoic 4						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3						33.9
		Bartonian						Cenozoic 3						37.71
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2						41.2
		Ypresian						Cenozoic 2						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1						56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8						66
		Campanian						Cretaceous 7						72.1
		Santonian						Cretaceous 6						83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4						100.5
		Aptian						Cretaceous 3						113
		Barremian						Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian						Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian						Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian						Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian						Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian						Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Jurassic 3						174.7
		Pliensbachian						Jurassic 2						184.2
		Sinemurian						Jurassic 1						192.9
		Hettangian						Jurassic 1						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian						Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian						Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Triassic 1						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						Triassic 1						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Permian 4						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian			Wordian									264.28
		Roadian			Roadian			Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian		Permian 2						273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian								281.9 *
		Artinskian				Hessian								283.5
		Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian								286.1 *
		Sakmarian				Lenoxian								290.1
		Asselian	Nealian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		Devonian 5	Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean		Devonian 4	Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	Devonian 3	Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
									Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Southwoodian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Southwoodian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	Devonian 2	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Devonian 2	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian						Devonian 1	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian							Late Lochkovian	410.8
									Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian						Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Datsonian		Cambrian 5	485.4
		Stage 10						Payntonian			486.8 *
		Jiangshanian						Iverian			489.5
		Paibian						Idamean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Mindyallan		Cambrian 4	Series 3 †		497
		Guzhangian						Boomerangian					499
		Drumian						Undillan					500.5
		Drumian						Floran					503
		Wuliuan						Templetonian		Cambrian 3		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan						Ordian				Stage 5 †	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4						Ordian					509
		Stage 4											510.8 *
		Stage 3								Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								Cambrian 1			529
														538.8