PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Silurian of England		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Bartonian											Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian												Bumbanian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Gashatan					56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Dorashamian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian							Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Midian								259.51
		Wordian								Midian								264.28
		Wordian								Murgabian								266.2 *
		Roadian								Murgabian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian								273.01
		Kungurian								Bolorian								279.8
		Artinskian								Bolorian								283.5
		Artinskian								Yakhtashian								286
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								Asselian								293.52
		Asselian				Kuzel				Asselian								297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
															Xiaodushanian			300 *
						Stephanian	Stephanian C											300.3 *
							Stephanian B											300.9 *
			Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian	Stephanian A	303.7
			Cantabrian	305 *
				Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian			307
			Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
					Westphalian C	309.8
					Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian			Westphalian B	315.2
					Westphalian A	317 *
				Huashibanian	Westphalian A	318.5 *
			Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
					Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Lousuan	Marsdenian	321.2 *
					Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
					Alportian	322 *
					Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	Chokierian	323.2
					Arnsbergian	324 *
					Pendleian	327.4 *
				Shangsian	Pendleian	330.8 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Shangsian	Brigantian †	330.9
			Warnantian	Jiusian	Brigantian †	335 *
			Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		Tangbagouan	346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		Tangbagouan	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
						Cayugan		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
						Niagaran		Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	Lockportian		427.4
		Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian		433.4
		Telychian									436.3 *
		Aeronian									438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
						Medinan			Clinton			440.1 *
												440.7 *
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
		Katian										445.2
		Sandbian										453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10											Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								489.5			Festiniogian
		Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian								Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								St Davids			Series 3 †	497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Caerfai					509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																		538.8