PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of North America						Devonian of France	Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
		Wordian																		264.28
		Roadian																		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
		Artinskian																		283.5
		Sakmarian																		290.1
		Asselian																		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																		298.9
		Gzhelian															Xiaodushanian			300 *
		Kasimovian															Xiaodushanian			303.7
		Kasimovian															Dalaun			305.8 *
		Moscovian																		307
		Bashkirian																		315.2
																	Huashibanian			318.5 *
																	Lousuan			321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan		Gamachian	445.2
						Rawtheyan		Richmondian	446 *
						Cautleyan			448.9 *
						Pusgillian			449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
								Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian			450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
						Cheneyan					451.5 *
						Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
									Actonian †		453.2 *
								Turinian	Actonian †		453.7 *
									Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †			455.2 *
						Aurelucian						456.8 *
							Whiterockian			Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							467.3
					Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
								Rangerian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
						Whitlandian		Blackhillsian						471.1 *
						Whitlandian		Tulean						473.9 *
						Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian								477.7
						Migneintian		Stairsian						480.3 *
						Cressagian		Stairsian						480.8 *
								Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
														Mansian †	483.55 *
														Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10															487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
														Aksaian			490.7 *
														Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian															494
		Paibian														Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian												Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian												Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan												Amgan/Solvan				Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Amgan/Solvan					509
														Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
														Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3		514										Botomian
		Stage 3		Atdabanian											515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian											521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian											525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian										Manykaian †	529
																				538.8