PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of North America	Permian of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Chibanian										Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian										Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian										Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian										Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian										Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian		Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian										Waipipian			3
				Zanclean										Waipipian			3.6
				Zanclean										Opoitian			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian										Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian										Tongaporutuan			7.246
				Tortonian									Southland	Waiauan			11.04
				Serravallian										Waiauan			11.63
				Serravallian										Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian										Lillburnian			13.82
														Clifdenian			15.1
													Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian										Altonian			15.98
				Burdigalian										Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian										Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Waitakian			23.03
														Duntroonian			25.2
														Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
													Arnold	Runangan			34.6
														Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian										Kaiatan			37.71
				Bartonian										Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian										Bortonian			41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
														Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian										Heretaungan			47.8
														Mangaorapan			48.9
														Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Teurian			56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian										Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian										Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
														Mangaotanean			90.5
														Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian										Arowhanan			93.9
													Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
														Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										Motuan			100.5
														Urutawan			103.3
													Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian										Korangan			113
				Aptian													117.5
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian	251.902
			Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Laibinian	Longtanian †	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan		259.51
			Wordian		Kuhfengian		264.28
			Roadian		Kuhfengian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian		273.01
			Artinskian		Luodianian		283.5
			Artinskian		Longlinian		285.4 *
			Sakmarian		Longlinian		290.1
			Asselian		Bursumian †		Zisongian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian			298.9
								Xiaodushanian	300 *
									300.1
			Kasimovian		Missourian				303.7
					Missourian			Dalaun	305.8 *
					Desmoinesian				305.9 *
			Moscovian		Desmoinesian				307
			Moscovian		Atokan				312.7 *
			Bashkirian		Atokan				315.2
					Morrowan				318.4 *
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian			Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian					Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean					Shangsian	330.9
								Jiusian	335 *
					Meramecian				335.8 *
					Osagean				343.1 *
			Tournaisian		Osagean			Tangbagouan	346.7
			Tournaisian		Kinderhookian			Tangbagouan	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill					Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc					Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian								453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn					Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian	Arenig					Fennian			468.4 *
Early Ordovician		Floian	470						Fennian
			Whitlandian						471.1 *
			Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
			Tremadoc	Cressagian		480.8 *
						485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †			497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635