PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of North America						Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of China		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Serravallian																	11.63
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
				Bartonian																	37.71
				Lutetian																	41.2
				Ypresian																	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
				Kimmeridgian																	149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Pliensbachian																	184.2
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
				Norian																	208.5
				Carnian																	227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
				Wordian																	264.28
				Roadian																	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
				Artinskian																	283.5
				Sakmarian																	290.1
				Asselian																	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																	298.9
				Gzhelian														Xiaodushanian			300 *
				Kasimovian														Xiaodushanian			303.7
				Kasimovian														Dalaun			305.8 *
				Moscovian																	307
				Bashkirian																	315.2
																		Huashibanian			318.5 *
																		Lousuan			321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian			Pirgu		Gamachian	445.2
						Pirgu		Richmondian	446 *
						Vormsi		Richmondian	449.6 *
						Vormsi		Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Nabala		Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
						Nabala		Edenian			450.4 *
					Viru	Rakvere		Edenian			450.6 *
						Rakvere	Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
						Oandu					452 *
			Sandbian			Keila				Idavere †	453
						Keila		Turinian			453.7 *
						Haljala					453.9
						Kukruse					456.4 *
						Kukruse	Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
						Uhaku				Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku						458.4
						Lasnamagi						458.9 *
						Aseri						460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
						Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
						Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian										467.3
								Rangerian					469.1 *
						Billingen		Rangerian					469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
										Latorp †				470.1 *
	Hunneberg					473.7 *
						Tulean		473.9 *
			Tremadocian			Tulean		477.7
						Stairsian		480.3 *
	Varangu					Stairsian		481.3 *
	Varangu					Skullrockian		Demingian †					482 *
	Pakerort							Demingian †					482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10										Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
															487.5
			Jiangshanian										Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian										Paibian		494
			Paibian										Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian										Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
			Wuliuan										Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4										Duyunian				509
		Series 2	Stage 3										Nangaoian				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Meishucunian				521
			Fortunian										Meishucunian				529
			Fortunian										Jinnigian				530.7
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian		538.8
			Cryogenian																635
			Tonian																720
			Tonian														Karatau		800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau		1000
			Stenian														Yurmatian		1100
			Ectasian														Yurmatian		1200
			Ectasian														Burzyan		1375
																					1400