PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene									Tertiary †	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene										5.333
		Tortonian								Late Miocene										7.246
		Serravallian								Middle Miocene										11.63
		Langhian								Middle Miocene										13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene										15.98
		Aquitanian								Early Miocene										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene										33.9
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian								Middle Eocene										41.2
		Ypresian								Early Eocene										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene										56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras													168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense													168.4
		Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta													174.7
							Planulata													179.3 *
							Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi											179.8 *
							Kanense													181.3 *
							Carlottense													182.3 *
							Kunae													183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Kunae													184.2
							Freboldi													185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras												186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras												189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis												190.3 *
		Sinemurian																		192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras											196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites													196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Srbsko					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Chotec					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Daleje/Zlichovian					393.3
		Pragian				Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian				Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Kosovian	Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Kralodvorian	Bolindian		Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
											Eastonian			Pirgu	449 *
														Vormsi	449.6 *
										Berounian				Vormsi	449.7 *
														Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
												Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
											Gisbornian			Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian												Keila	Idavere †	453
														Haljala		453.9
														Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
														Kukruse				456.4 *
														Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
													Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Darriwilian							458.4
										Dobrotivian								458.5 *
										Dobrotivian				Lasnamagi				458.9 *
										Oretanian				Lasnamagi				459.7 *
														Aseri				460.4 *
													Sarka †	Aseri				461.7 *
												Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
														Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
														Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †		Yapeenian						467.3
								Arenigian		468			Yapeenian
										Castlemainian			468.5 *
							Billingen		469.3 *	Castlemainian
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian	470
									Chewtonian	Latorp †				470.1 *
									Bendigonian					471.8 *
									Lancefieldian					473.5 *
							Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Hunneberg	Tremadocian						477.7
							Varangu							481.3 *
							Pakerort							482.2 *
			Warendian						482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
										486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †		497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
																				509