PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian										Cenozoic 5			11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Cenozoic 4			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										Cenozoic 4			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Cenozoic 3			33.9
		Bartonian										Cenozoic 3			37.71
		Lutetian										Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Ypresian										Cenozoic 2			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Cenozoic 1			56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian										Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian										Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian										Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian										Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian										Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian										Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian										Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian										Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian										Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian										Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian										Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian										Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian										Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian										Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian										Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian										Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian										Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Permian 4			251.902
		Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †					254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †					256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Severodvinian							259.51
		Wordian						Urzhumian							264.28
		Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian				Permian 3			266.9
		Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian				Permian 3			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				Permian 2			273.01
								Filipovian							276.5 *
								Saraninian							280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
				Irginian	285.9 *
				Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Permian 1	293.52
				Uskalykian		294.8
				Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5		Late Famennian	358.9
							Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian			Devonian 4		Late Frasnian	372.2
							Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
							Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3		Late Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian					Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Devonian 2		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Devonian 1		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian			Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †		445.2
		Katian			Berounian						449.7 *
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4			453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3					458.4
					Dobrotivian								458.5 *
					Oretanian								459.7 *
									Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †	Ordovician 2				467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian								468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian				Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	Cambrian 4			497
		Drumian								Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †			Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3											Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											Cambrian 1	529
															538.8