PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of North America		Ordovician of the Baltic			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian												33.9
		Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan												37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian			Bumbanian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan												56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Leonardian	Cathedralian						273.01
		Kungurian								Hessian						281.9 *
		Artinskian								Hessian						283.5
		Artinskian							Wolfcampian	Lenoxian						286.1 *
		Sakmarian								Lenoxian						290.1
		Asselian								Nealian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
		Kasimovian														303.7
		Moscovian														307
		Bashkirian														315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian														323.2
		Visean														330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian	Bolindian		Pirgu	445.2
			Eastonian		Pirgu	449 *
					Vormsi	449.6 *
					Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
				Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
			Gisbornian		Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian			Keila	Idavere †	453
					Haljala		453.9
					Kukruse		456.4 *
					Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Uhaku		458.4
					Lasnamagi		458.9 *
					Aseri		460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian					467.3
			Castlemainian					468.5 *
			Castlemainian		Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian					470
			Chewtonian			Latorp †		470.1 *
			Bendigonian					471.8 *
			Lancefieldian					473.5 *
					Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg			477.7
					Varangu			481.3 *
					Pakerort			482.2 *
			Warendian					482.8 *
			Warendian					Mansian †			483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian		Tavgian †			Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
						Aksaian						490.7 *
						Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian										494
		Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian						Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian				Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan							Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Amgan/Solvan						509
						Toyonian		Lenian †				510 *
						Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian						514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian						521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †				529
																538.8