PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of Britain		Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan								150
									Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian							Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian							Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian							Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian							Warepan								208.5
									Otamitan								217
									Oretian								221
		Carnian							Oretian								227
		Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian							Etalian								238
		Anisian							Etalian								242
		Anisian							Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian							Nelsonian								249
		Induan							Nelsonian								251.2
		Induan						DUrville	Makarewan								251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Makarewan								251.902
		Changhsingian							Waiitian								253.2
		Wuchiapingian							Waiitian							Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian							Puruhauan							Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Aparima	Flettian								259.51
		Wordian	264.28						Flettian
		Wordian	Barettian	266
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Kungurian	Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian	Mangapirian	283.5
			Telfordian	285
					288.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †	293.52
		Asselian			Bursumian †	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian	Kuzel	Mapingian †	298.9
						Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Missourian			Stephanian A	303.7
					Missourian			Cantabrian	305 *
					Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian							307
						Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
					Atokan			Westphalian C	312.7 *
								Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian						Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
					Morrowan			Westphalian A	318.4 *
						Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian			Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean				Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
					Meramecian	Warnantian		Brigantian †	335.8 *
						Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
					Osagean	Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Osagean	Ivorian			346.7
					Kinderhookian	Ivorian			351.9 *
					Kinderhookian	Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
									Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian							Late Frasnian	372.2
									Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
									Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
									Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian							Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian							Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian							Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian							Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian							Late Lochkovian	410.8
									Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian								Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †						Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian								470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian								477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian							Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10										Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian										Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian					494					Maentwrogian
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					St Davids					Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai							509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																	538.8