PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of China		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Senonian						66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Gallic						100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian										Neocomian						125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Zechstein								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes									259.51
		Wordian																264.28
		Roadian																266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
		Artinskian							Autunian									283.5
		Sakmarian																290.1
		Asselian																293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Mapingian †					298.9
		Kasimovian											Mapingian †					303.7
		Kasimovian																305.9
		Moscovian																307
		Bashkirian																315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																323.2
		Visean																330.9
		Tournaisian																346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian		Gamachian	445.2
				Richmondian	446 *
				Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Edenian		450.4 *
			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian		Chatfieldian		453
				Turinian		453.7 *
			Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Dapingian					467.3
		Dapingian		Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean				477.7
				Stairsian				480.3 *
				Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10								Niuchehean		Sunwaptan		487.5
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan		489.5
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian		Steptoean		493 *
		Paibian								Paibian				494
		Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian		Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						Marjumian			Drumian	Wangcunian †			500.5
		Wuliuan						Topazan			Wuliuan/Taijangian				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran			Wuliuan/Taijangian				Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran		Waucoban †	Duyunian					509
		Stage 4						Dyeran			Duyunian					511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran			Nangaoian					514
								Montezuman								514.8 *
								Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian									Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian									Jinnigian					530.7
																		538.8