PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian					66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic					100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian						Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein						Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes								259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian			Autunian								283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian											293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Mapingian †				298.9
		Kasimovian							Mapingian †				303.7
		Kasimovian											305.9
		Moscovian											307
		Bashkirian											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
		Visean											330.9
		Tournaisian											346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10	Niuchehean				Sunwaptan			487.5
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan			489.5
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian				Steptoean			493 *
		Paibian	Paibian							494
		Paibian	Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian						494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		Marjumian	Albertian †			Series 3 †		497
		Drumian	Drumian	Wangcunian †		Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian			Topazan		Stage 5 †			504.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian			Delamaran		Stage 5 †			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian			Delamaran	Waucoban †				509
		Stage 4	Duyunian			Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian			Dyeran					514
						Montezuman					514.8 *
						Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian								521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian								529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian								530.7
													538.8