PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Ordovician of Britain				Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian							Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites											168.2
		Bajocian								Humphresianum										168.4
		Aalenian							Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense										174.7
									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons											180.1
									Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum											182
		Pliensbachian							Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni											184.2
		Sinemurian							Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi											192.9
		Hettangian							Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
		Wordian																		264.28
		Roadian																		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
		Artinskian																		283.5
		Sakmarian																		290.1
		Asselian																		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															Mapingian †			298.9
		Kasimovian															Mapingian †			303.7
		Kasimovian																		305.9
		Moscovian																		307
		Bashkirian																		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian	358.9
			Middle Famennian	365.3 *
			Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian	372.2
			Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
			Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
			Middle Givetian	383.7 *
			Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Cautleyan			448.9 *
					Pusgillian			449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †			449.6 *
					Streffordian	Berounian					449.7 *
					Cheneyan						451.5 *
					Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
								Actonian †			453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †			455.2 *
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Aurelucian								456.8 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
							Liben †	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
						Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Oretanian					459.7 *
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
							Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †					467.3
						Arenigian						468
				Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian							470
					Whitlandian							471.1 *
					Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian	Tremadocian						477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian							480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean						Taoyuanian †		485.4
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian				Paibian								494
		Paibian				Paibian						Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian						Wangcunian †		Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian				Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian				Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian										Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian								Branchian			509
		Stage 3				Nangaoian								Branchian			514
		Stage 3				Nangaoian								Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian											521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian											529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian											530.7
																				538.8