PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Bartonian					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian						Bumbanian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Gashatan					56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan						145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan						150
						Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan						176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan						184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran						188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian				Warepan						208.5
						Otamitan						217
						Oretian						221
		Carnian				Oretian						227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan						237
		Ladinian				Etalian						238
		Anisian				Etalian						242
		Anisian				Malakovian						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian						247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian						249
		Induan				Nelsonian						251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan						251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan						251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian						253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian					Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan					Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian						259.51
		Wordian	264.28			Flettian
		Wordian	Barettian	266
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Kungurian	Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian	Mangapirian	283.5
			Telfordian	285
					288.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian				Paibian		494
		Paibian				Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian				Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian				509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Nangaoian				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian				521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian				529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian				530.7
												538.8