PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of China		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		European Faunal Units	Devonian of France	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian						0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Calabrian									0.774
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean			Villanyian		Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian						Ruscinian			3.1 *
				Zanclean									3.6
				Zanclean			Baodean						4.9
			Miocene	Messinian						Turolian			5.333
				Tortonian						Turolian			7.246
										Vallesian			8.7
							Tunggurian			Vallesian			11.1
				Serravallian			Tunggurian			Astaracian			11.63
				Langhian			Shanwangian			Astaracian			13.82
				Burdigalian			Shanwangian			Orleanian			15.98
							Xiejiaan			Orleanian			16.9
										Agenian			20
				Aquitanian						Agenian			20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan				150
									Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Callovian					Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Pliensbachian					Ururoan				184.2
				Pliensbachian					Aratauran				188.9
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
				Norian					Warepan				208.5
									Otamitan				217
									Oretian				221
				Carnian					Oretian				227
				Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	237					Kaihikuan
			Ladinian	Etalian	238
			Anisian	Etalian	242
			Anisian	Malakovian	246
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian	Nelsonian	249
			Induan	Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Longtanian †		254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Longtanian †		254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian			259.51
			Wordian		Flettian			264.28
			Wordian		Barettian			266
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian			276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian			283.5
					Telfordian			285
								288.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Pragian				Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian					Paibian		494
			Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian					Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
			Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian					509
		Series 2	Stage 3			Nangaoian					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian					521
			Fortunian			Meishucunian					529
			Fortunian			Jinnigian					530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										1000
		Ectasian										1200
		Calymmian										1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian										1600
		Orosirian										1800
		Rhyacian										2050
		Siderian										2300
Archean	Neoarchean											2500
	Mesoarchean											2800
	Paleoarchean											3200
	Eoarchean											3600
Hadean												4000
													4600